SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C QUESTIONS
MPC 003-SECTION C
Answer the following questions in 50 words each. 10 x 3 = 30 marks
9. Ayurvedic body types
Ayurveda categorizes individuals into three doshas: Vata (air and space, creativity, anxiety), Pitta (fire and water, ambition, irritability), and Kapha (earth and water, calmness, lethargy). Each body type reflects physical, emotional, and behavioral tendencies. Maintaining balance among these doshas through tailored diets, lifestyle choices, and mindfulness promotes health and well-being. Imbalances in doshas can lead to physical or mental ailments, emphasizing holistic harmony for personal growth.
10. The Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire
The 16PF Questionnaire by Raymond Cattell identifies 16 core personality traits, such as warmth, dominance, and emotional stability. Using factor analysis, it measures how traits influence behavior and decision-making. Commonly applied in clinical, occupational, and research settings, the 16PF helps understand personality comprehensively. While it requires expertise to interpret, its standardized format provides reliable insights into human personality across various domains.
11. Senior Apperception Test
The Senior Apperception Test (SAT) assesses emotional and psychosocial concerns of older adults. Participants interpret images related to aging, such as family dynamics or isolation. Their narratives reveal underlying emotions, coping mechanisms, and unresolved conflicts. The SAT aids clinicians in tailoring interventions for mental health or adjustment issues in seniors. However, reliance on subjective interpretation necessitates combining it with other diagnostic tools for comprehensive assessment.
12. Growth needs
Growth needs, from Maslow’s hierarchy, focus on personal fulfillment and potential realization. They include self-actualization (achieving goals and creativity) and self-transcendence (contributing to society). Unlike deficiency needs, growth needs enhance long-term psychological well-being by motivating individuals to pursue meaning and purpose. Examples include pursuing artistic expression or altruistic goals. Addressing these needs fosters innovation, personal development, and mental health stability.
13. Homeostasis
Homeostasis maintains the body’s internal balance, regulating processes like temperature, hydration, and pH levels. For example, sweating cools the body during heat. Psychologically, it governs emotional stability, helping individuals restore equilibrium during stress. Disruptions can cause physical or mental health issues, such as fatigue or anxiety. Essential for survival, homeostasis underpins motivational theories, explaining behaviors aimed at maintaining balance and stability in changing environments.
14. Social deprivation as an environmental determinant for personality development
Social deprivation refers to isolation from meaningful interactions, negatively affecting personality development. It impairs emotional regulation, social skills, and cognitive growth, especially in children during critical developmental periods. Adults experiencing prolonged isolation may face loneliness, anxiety, or depression. Social deprivation also hinders self-concept formation, as social interactions shape identity and self-esteem. Supportive relationships and community engagement mitigate these effects, fostering healthy personality growth.
15. Extraversion/ Introversion
Extraversion and introversion, described by Jung, are key personality traits. Extraverts are outgoing, sociable, and energized by group settings, excelling in teamwork. Introverts are reserved, reflective, and thrive in solitary environments, often excelling in independent tasks. These traits influence preferences for social interaction, energy levels, and decision-making. Understanding them helps in personal growth, effective communication, and optimizing individual strengths in various life domains.
16. Limitations of Interview Method
The interview method has several limitations, including subjectivity, where interviewer biases affect outcomes, and inconsistency in unstructured formats. Social desirability bias may lead participants to provide false answers, and interviews can be time-consuming. Moreover, they may overlook unconscious processes. Structured formats and combining interviews with standardized tools can improve reliability and address these shortcomings for more accurate personality assessment.
17. Self as given by Rogers
Carl Rogers emphasized the self as the organized perceptions of one’s identity, comprising the real self (current self-view) and ideal self (aspired self). Psychological well-being occurs when these selves align, fostering congruence. Incongruence, caused by conditions of worth or societal expectations, leads to distress. Rogers stressed unconditional positive regard and authentic relationships for achieving congruence, promoting self-acceptance and personal growth.
18. Nomothetic approach to personality
The nomothetic approach identifies universal principles of personality, focusing on general laws and standardized assessments, like the Big-Five traits. It enables comparisons across populations and facilitates large-scale research. While it provides objective insights, critics argue it overlooks individual uniqueness. Balancing this approach with idiographic methods offers a comprehensive understanding of personality by addressing both universal patterns and personal nuances.
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